One of the main categories of speech problems in need for speech therapy are fluency disorders. However, there are different types of fluency disorders, even though they may all seem the same. Each type has its own cause, and defining characteristics that make them stand out from one another.
There are basically six main types of fluency disorders, while some are considered to be other conditions that are related to fluency disorders.
Normal Developmental Disfluency
Normal developmental disfluency, is a fluency disorder that is a lot of times mistaken to be stuttering. This condition occurs with children from ages 1:6- 6 years old, although the peak of the condition is considered to be 2-4 years of age.
A lot of parents may be concerned of the way their child speaks, but in reality, this is a normal condition that every child goes through. Normal developmental disfluency is a normal part of a child's development. So there is really no need to worry at all.
A child would normally get over this stage as his speech skills develop. However, a proper environment, and interaction is needed for that to happen. If a child is pressured by his parents or people around him about his speech, the higher the probability that his disfluency would become a problem in the future and could develop to stuttering.
Stuttering
Stuttering is a disorder of childhood (developmental) that is characterized by an abnormally high frequency or duration of stoppages in the forward flow of speech. Although normal developmental disfluency has its own share of stoppages, stuttering on the other hand has some extra characteristics that normal developmental disfluency doesn't have.
What makes stuttering different, from normal developmental disfluency, is that stuttering has escape behaviors, avoidance behaviors, and other secondary behaviors. These so called behaviors are also called physical concomitants. Some examples are eye blinks, head nods, jaw tremors and total body gyrations.
Neurogenic Disfluency
This kind of disfluency is a result of an identifiable neuropathology in a person that has no history of fluency problems prior to occurrence of the pathology. People who have accidents that caused brain problems, which induced their disfluency, fall into this category.
Neurogenic disfluency has similar characteristics as stuttering, including the physical behaviors like eye blinks and tremors. The thing is that, the main problem in conditions like these is not fluency at all, but the lesser control of muscles needed in speech production.
Psychogenic Disfluency
A disfluency with no found evidence of neurological dysfunction and no history of developmental stuttering. It is of sudden onset and attributed to an identifiable emotional crisis. Can be grouped into three categories namely: emotionally based, manipulative, and malingering disfluencies
An example of this kind of disfluency is when a person starts to stutter when a specific other is around. For instance, a student who is afraid of her teacher, starts to stutter every time her teacher is around but speaks fluently when around her friends and family.
Language Bases Disfluency
This is a disfluency that is attributed to the development of linguistic sophistication. The main root of the problem here would be language problems, which would require language based therapy rather than fluency-based therapy.
Mixed Fluency Failures
These are fluency failures that are characterized by overlapping causative factors. Speech pattern observed is the result of a blend of two or more factors/disfluency.
Cluttering
This is a condition that is related to fluency disorders. It is considered to be the extreme of stuttering. It is a disorder of timing and rhythm of speech where the person speaks too fast that his speech can't be comprehended. The thing is, a clutterer isn't aware that he is cluttering, while a stutterer is very much aware that he stutters.
Tuesday, April 20, 2010
Addictive Bad Habits
The question is: "Are addictions actually bad habits?" According to the habit model of addiction, they are. This theory of addiction states that the only reason to say there is a difference is to persecute "addicts."
People with bad habits of smoking often feel much persecuted. While smoking is not illegal (at least not yet), it is shunned by society as a whole. At first, you could smoke anywhere. Expecting fathers smoked in the maternity waiting rooms. Then, you could smoke in buildings, but only in a designated smoking room.
Then there came the designated smoking area outside the building. Now restaurants, bars, and whole cities are going smoke-free. It seems that a lot of people have given up their bad habits. However, they do not seem to remember how badly they were addicted before. The truth is that in a way, they are still addicted and always will be. That is how addiction works.
In an effort to save others from the ill effects of their second hand smoke, many people have switched their bad habits to smokeless tobacco. Just because the tobacco is not smoked, though, it does not mean the nicotine is not addictive. It is said to be just as hard a bad habit to break as cigarettes. People quitting it use patches and nicotine gum or Zyban, too.
Sleeping pills are bad habits to get into as well. They can be so addictive that you need a higher and higher dosage to fall asleep. Eventually, they will not help at all. Some people overdose in an attempt to reach a dose that will put them to sleep. It usually takes intervention by a doctor and/or a sleep clinic to straighten you out.
Alcohol can be a bad habit if you drink to excess. For some people with certain physical conditions, it can be risky anyway. It can be dangerous if mixed with particular medications. However, if a person is addicted to alcohol, they will not be concerned with that. Neither will they be concerned about their jobs or their relationships. It will all be about the next drink.
Drugs pose a variety of bad habits. There are so many illegal drugs that they are too numerous to count. They have different affects and cause different levels of addiction. Some have fast and devastating results. Others do little damage in the short run. Yet, they are all bad habits.
There are club drugs, heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, and hallucinogens. All these drugs can be nasty. There are also legal drugs that people get into bad habits with by starting with an injury or other medical condition. These can be pain pills like percocet, or muscle relaxants. They are also very addictive bad habits.
If you have an addictive bad habit, you probably need some form of help to get over it. In fact, once you have a serious addiction, experiencing the sights, smells, or sounds of your addiction will start your brain in that addictive mode again. It is no wonder that people struggle for years with addictive bad habits.
People with bad habits of smoking often feel much persecuted. While smoking is not illegal (at least not yet), it is shunned by society as a whole. At first, you could smoke anywhere. Expecting fathers smoked in the maternity waiting rooms. Then, you could smoke in buildings, but only in a designated smoking room.
Then there came the designated smoking area outside the building. Now restaurants, bars, and whole cities are going smoke-free. It seems that a lot of people have given up their bad habits. However, they do not seem to remember how badly they were addicted before. The truth is that in a way, they are still addicted and always will be. That is how addiction works.
In an effort to save others from the ill effects of their second hand smoke, many people have switched their bad habits to smokeless tobacco. Just because the tobacco is not smoked, though, it does not mean the nicotine is not addictive. It is said to be just as hard a bad habit to break as cigarettes. People quitting it use patches and nicotine gum or Zyban, too.
Sleeping pills are bad habits to get into as well. They can be so addictive that you need a higher and higher dosage to fall asleep. Eventually, they will not help at all. Some people overdose in an attempt to reach a dose that will put them to sleep. It usually takes intervention by a doctor and/or a sleep clinic to straighten you out.
Alcohol can be a bad habit if you drink to excess. For some people with certain physical conditions, it can be risky anyway. It can be dangerous if mixed with particular medications. However, if a person is addicted to alcohol, they will not be concerned with that. Neither will they be concerned about their jobs or their relationships. It will all be about the next drink.
Drugs pose a variety of bad habits. There are so many illegal drugs that they are too numerous to count. They have different affects and cause different levels of addiction. Some have fast and devastating results. Others do little damage in the short run. Yet, they are all bad habits.
There are club drugs, heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, and hallucinogens. All these drugs can be nasty. There are also legal drugs that people get into bad habits with by starting with an injury or other medical condition. These can be pain pills like percocet, or muscle relaxants. They are also very addictive bad habits.
If you have an addictive bad habit, you probably need some form of help to get over it. In fact, once you have a serious addiction, experiencing the sights, smells, or sounds of your addiction will start your brain in that addictive mode again. It is no wonder that people struggle for years with addictive bad habits.
Friday, April 16, 2010
Break unacceptable habits
There are many hundreds of nasty habits and masses of paths to break them. If you want help, there are books, support groups, and advisors to help. Usually you can take a standard sense approach and get the task finished.
If gloating is one of your unpleasant habits, you might either be insecure or very proud. It typically makes the other person feel bad, or they resent you. You can get a grip on this nasty habit if you stop for a couple of seconds prior to talking. Give yourself time to contemplate others and how this can sound to them. Think about whether or not you are telling it to them, or to oneself. Another one of those unpleasant habits is name dropping. Again, you'll be insecure. Most of the people won't take it in a genial way.
Attempt to tell your same stories but without the names to prevent yourself from doing this. You may say, "My pal Brad " rather than 'my pal Brad Pitt, " or something similar to that. Cursing is one of those unacceptable habits that will start at a very early age. You can curse such a lot that you are ignorant that you're doing it lots of the time. The very first thing to do is to listen. When you say unseemly words, put cash in a jar. Regardless of whether it's your coffee cash, put it in there. Also, you may want to think about temper management classes if your cursing is done in an antagonistic way. If you've got the unacceptable habit of gnawing with your mouth open, there could be a physical cause. It is sickening at the dining table and might make you look bad at a dinner meeting. Maybe all that you need is a nasal decongestant. Perhaps if you can breathe thru your nose, you may close your mouth. You could be a whiner. This is one of those unpleasant habits that irritate folks from the time you're a kid till you are old or till you give up it. It comes out in the sound of your voice and the expression on your face. it has roots in a negative, bad news perspective. Look on the positive side of things, and you'll find yourself whining less.
Gossips are widely known for beginning difficulty in any group to which they belong. These folks regularly find their lives so boring that they can't find anything more to discuss. Their only subject of debate is other peoples's business. These folk can break this nasty habit by finding new interests to think and so talk about. Nail chewing is a unpleasant habit for folk of every age. It damages the fingertips and nails. It isn't a particularly sanitary practice. People do it out of nervousness, and a lot of them would like to give up. In past times, folks would wear gloves, but folk don't wear them much any more. You should purchase nail polish that tastes bad, though . That appears to help sometimes. You will find a method to overcome any obsession or unpleasant habit.
Many of them are unimportant in the blueprint. Others are totally serious. If you find the correct help for your current position, you can stop your unpleasant habits.
If gloating is one of your unpleasant habits, you might either be insecure or very proud. It typically makes the other person feel bad, or they resent you. You can get a grip on this nasty habit if you stop for a couple of seconds prior to talking. Give yourself time to contemplate others and how this can sound to them. Think about whether or not you are telling it to them, or to oneself. Another one of those unpleasant habits is name dropping. Again, you'll be insecure. Most of the people won't take it in a genial way.
Attempt to tell your same stories but without the names to prevent yourself from doing this. You may say, "My pal Brad " rather than 'my pal Brad Pitt, " or something similar to that. Cursing is one of those unacceptable habits that will start at a very early age. You can curse such a lot that you are ignorant that you're doing it lots of the time. The very first thing to do is to listen. When you say unseemly words, put cash in a jar. Regardless of whether it's your coffee cash, put it in there. Also, you may want to think about temper management classes if your cursing is done in an antagonistic way. If you've got the unacceptable habit of gnawing with your mouth open, there could be a physical cause. It is sickening at the dining table and might make you look bad at a dinner meeting. Maybe all that you need is a nasal decongestant. Perhaps if you can breathe thru your nose, you may close your mouth. You could be a whiner. This is one of those unpleasant habits that irritate folks from the time you're a kid till you are old or till you give up it. It comes out in the sound of your voice and the expression on your face. it has roots in a negative, bad news perspective. Look on the positive side of things, and you'll find yourself whining less.
Gossips are widely known for beginning difficulty in any group to which they belong. These folks regularly find their lives so boring that they can't find anything more to discuss. Their only subject of debate is other peoples's business. These folk can break this nasty habit by finding new interests to think and so talk about. Nail chewing is a unpleasant habit for folk of every age. It damages the fingertips and nails. It isn't a particularly sanitary practice. People do it out of nervousness, and a lot of them would like to give up. In past times, folks would wear gloves, but folk don't wear them much any more. You should purchase nail polish that tastes bad, though . That appears to help sometimes. You will find a method to overcome any obsession or unpleasant habit.
Many of them are unimportant in the blueprint. Others are totally serious. If you find the correct help for your current position, you can stop your unpleasant habits.
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Connect to your youngster
We all wish to connect and be concerned with our child. Youngsters of concerned elders sometimes feel more assured, warranted and have an increased level of self confidence. They excel at school and perform nicely in extracurricular activities and with their pastimes. But is there such a thing as too much involvement? It's imperative when you are becoming concerned with your school-aged child's activities and lecturers that you recognize the line of what being too concerned can be. Remember, you are becoming concerned in your child's life. It is important that you do not intrude too much on it.
Kids need their space and privacy and they have to be in a position to develop their own abilities, skills and capabilities. In our zeal to help our kid succeed, it's captivating to need to step in and begin doing things for them as you feel they do it wrongly or insufficiently. But recall, you had to learn too, and this is their opportunity to learn on their lonesome. Be there to prompt and support your youngster, and offer praise at a good job. But remember to step back and permit your kid to profit from their own mistakes, and to develop their own way of doing things. Everyone knows from our own life experiences that there is often more than a technique to do something, and simply because your kid is doing it differently than you would doesn't make it wrong. Who knows, it might present a brilliant opportunity for you to profit from your youngster too. Additionally, try to not become too overbearing or curious when talking about their social life. Be available for them should they have to talk and give them some encouragement to share their difficulties with you so that you can help them sort thru a difficulty. But if they are saying they do not want to chat about it or they just require some time to figure things out for themselves, respect that need by informing them you are available whenever they require you. This is a vital part of growing up and permitting a kid to figure his very own way thru things is a fundamental part of that process.
Kids need their space and privacy and they have to be in a position to develop their own abilities, skills and capabilities. In our zeal to help our kid succeed, it's captivating to need to step in and begin doing things for them as you feel they do it wrongly or insufficiently. But recall, you had to learn too, and this is their opportunity to learn on their lonesome. Be there to prompt and support your youngster, and offer praise at a good job. But remember to step back and permit your kid to profit from their own mistakes, and to develop their own way of doing things. Everyone knows from our own life experiences that there is often more than a technique to do something, and simply because your kid is doing it differently than you would doesn't make it wrong. Who knows, it might present a brilliant opportunity for you to profit from your youngster too. Additionally, try to not become too overbearing or curious when talking about their social life. Be available for them should they have to talk and give them some encouragement to share their difficulties with you so that you can help them sort thru a difficulty. But if they are saying they do not want to chat about it or they just require some time to figure things out for themselves, respect that need by informing them you are available whenever they require you. This is a vital part of growing up and permitting a kid to figure his very own way thru things is a fundamental part of that process.
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Celebrate Your Child's Uniqueness
Just like a snowflake or a fingerprint, each kid is unique in their own special way. Each kid has a unique way of feeling, thinking, and interacting with others. Some kids are shy, while others are outgoing ; some are active, while others are calm ; some are fretful, while others are easy-going. As a loving and nurturing parent, it's your job to inspire them to embrace their uniqueness and celebrate their individual qualities. Permit your kid to express themselves through their interests. They could find a creative outlet in theatre, dancing or art, or they might be exceptionally accomplished in the sciences. Give them some encouragement to embrace what they like to do, what interests them, and what makes them happy. Help them realize that they do not need to stress about being 'like everybody else. ' Teach your youngster to make positive selections, and praise them for good deeds, behaviors and positive characteristics they possess.
Give them some encouragement to become actively concerned in their community, and introduce them to activities that push a feeling of cooperation and achievement. Be firm yet fair when handing down discipline for misdeeds or misbehaviors, and make sure the guidelines and implications for breaking the guidelines are obviously outlined. Show a cooperative, loving and united front with your partner when talking about discipline. Accept and celebrate your child's uniqueness. Remember that your youngster is a person. Permit your youngster to have their own personal tastes and feelings, that might be different from your own. And eventually, inspire your youngster to be true to themselves by doing the same. Show your youngster the correct way to make positive decisions with the options you make, and that no one is perfect and you too mess up. Show your youngster that mistakes could be a great learning experience, and they shouldn't be embarrassed or embarrassed about making them.
Give them some encouragement to become actively concerned in their community, and introduce them to activities that push a feeling of cooperation and achievement. Be firm yet fair when handing down discipline for misdeeds or misbehaviors, and make sure the guidelines and implications for breaking the guidelines are obviously outlined. Show a cooperative, loving and united front with your partner when talking about discipline. Accept and celebrate your child's uniqueness. Remember that your youngster is a person. Permit your youngster to have their own personal tastes and feelings, that might be different from your own. And eventually, inspire your youngster to be true to themselves by doing the same. Show your youngster the correct way to make positive decisions with the options you make, and that no one is perfect and you too mess up. Show your youngster that mistakes could be a great learning experience, and they shouldn't be embarrassed or embarrassed about making them.
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Building You Child's Self Esteem
Building You Child's Self Esteem: It's regularly been expounded that kids find out what they live. So if you're trying to find a starting point helping your kid build positive self-worth and self value then you must show them your positive sense of self and robust self-worth.
Be positive when you talk about yourself and highlight your strengths. This may teach your kid that it's O.K to be pleased with their gifts, abilities and capabilities. Your kid also benefits significantly from truthful and positive praise. Find something about them to bless everyday. You might even give your youngster a role you know they can complete and then praise them for a well done job after they are finished. Show your youngster that positive acts merit positive praise.
When your child's feeling downcast, irritated or depressed, communicate brazenly, truthfully and patiently with them. Hear them without judging or criticising. They may not understand why they feel the way in which they do, so that the chance to talk to you about it could be what's wanted to help them sort thru a complicated situation. Suggest positive behaviors and options as solutions, and make efforts to leave that door of communication open so they know next time they feel badly, they can come to you for help and know that you will not judge or punish them for how they are feeling. Teach your youngster the seriousness of setting goals and developing a plan to meet that goal and complete that task. Little projects are the best to start with at the start.
Make sure that it is an acceptable task for your youngster, and not so complicated. Don't only give praise at the end of the project, but praise their achievements in the project also. Most significantly, tell your kid "I like you " every single day - many times during the day, in reality. When they have behaved badly, remember that it isn't them you loathe, only their behaviour. Tuck short, sweet notes in their sandwich boxes or coat pockets, or even send them a card in the post. Shortly , they will learn how to say "I adore you " just as simply and truthfully in turn.
Be positive when you talk about yourself and highlight your strengths. This may teach your kid that it's O.K to be pleased with their gifts, abilities and capabilities. Your kid also benefits significantly from truthful and positive praise. Find something about them to bless everyday. You might even give your youngster a role you know they can complete and then praise them for a well done job after they are finished. Show your youngster that positive acts merit positive praise.
When your child's feeling downcast, irritated or depressed, communicate brazenly, truthfully and patiently with them. Hear them without judging or criticising. They may not understand why they feel the way in which they do, so that the chance to talk to you about it could be what's wanted to help them sort thru a complicated situation. Suggest positive behaviors and options as solutions, and make efforts to leave that door of communication open so they know next time they feel badly, they can come to you for help and know that you will not judge or punish them for how they are feeling. Teach your youngster the seriousness of setting goals and developing a plan to meet that goal and complete that task. Little projects are the best to start with at the start.
Make sure that it is an acceptable task for your youngster, and not so complicated. Don't only give praise at the end of the project, but praise their achievements in the project also. Most significantly, tell your kid "I like you " every single day - many times during the day, in reality. When they have behaved badly, remember that it isn't them you loathe, only their behaviour. Tuck short, sweet notes in their sandwich boxes or coat pockets, or even send them a card in the post. Shortly , they will learn how to say "I adore you " just as simply and truthfully in turn.
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